switching dumps loaded on 12

Dumps:

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.CertifyMe.642-813.v2011-01-13.by.Petter.500q.vce.file.html

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.CertKey.642-813.v2011-02-01.by.Ellen.482q.vce.file.html

Use vce reader and crackers links to open dumps..

even then u can't, please mail me for instructions...

vasanth_md1988@ymail.com

Exact switch exam simulation:

http://www.certprepare.com/

use packet tracer to practice simulations

ccnp routing dumps uploaded on feb 11

Routing Dumps Link

Here i provided 3 links to download dumps, there may be slight changes or can also be similar between these 3 dumps.. please download and check it out., it better to read all..

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.PassGuide.642-902.v2011-01-22.by.BOB.273q.vce.file.html

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.Braindump.642-902.v2011-01-25.by.ChikenRice.13q.vce.file.html

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.TestKing.642-902.v2010-10-21.by.irshad.484q.vce.file.html

Use vce reader and crackers links to open dumps..

even then u can't please mail me for instructions...

vasanth_md1988@ymail.com

For exact routing exam simulation:

http://www.digitaltut.com/

.vce file reader

http://www.filecluster.com/downloads/Visual-CertExam-Suite.html

.vce file cracker

http://www.mediafire.com/?dtt03z5nzm5

ccnp routing dumps uploaded on 2010-10-31

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.PassGuide.642-902.v2010-10-7.by.DoDo.255q.vce.file.html

Subnet Calculator

http://www.subnet-calculator.com/

TO START THE REVIEW FROM BASIC CONCEPTS CLICK ON 2009 ICON ON LEFT SIDE OF THE PAGE

CCNA book pdf

http://www.4shared.com/document/fn6o0C5m/Sybex_CCNA_640-802_6th_Edition.htm

CCNA dumps links (updated here on 16/03/11)

http://www.examcollection.com/cisco/Cisco.ActualTests.640-802.v2011-02-18.by.Jakes.647q.vce.file.html

http://www.9tut.com/

OSI PPT link

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest11664-143717-osi-model-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/

Subnetting Pdf Link

http://www.csc-sy.net/files/IP-Classes%20&%20Subnetting.pdf

X.25 LINK

http://www.perihel.at/2/basics/10-X25.pdf

Frame Relay details LINK

http://www.perihel.at/2/basics/11-Frame_Relay.pdf

ATM ppt link

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/tush.gurav-224206-atm-computer-networking-education-ppt-powerpoint/

Master/slave or DR/BDR election:

This is a second election process in OSPF to exchange information without collision in the network.

Parameters for election process are

1. Priority (by default the priority is 1) - first preference.

2. Highest router-id - second preference.

Master/Slave election takes place in point-to-point nature i.e, when routers connected using serial interface.

Master router will collect the information about all the router with a Area, and then it will exchange the information to all other router in the network, thus collision can be avoided. Slave router will also have the same information what master has but it will act as normal router performing its work only.

DR/BDR (Designated Router Back-up Designated Router) election takes place in broadcast nature i.e., when routers connected using Ethernet interface.

Master router will collect the information about all the router with a Area, and then it will exchange the information to all other router in the network, thus collision can be avoided. BDR is a back-up to DR whereas when DR goes down immediately BDR will become DR to continue the process. The remaining router will be DR others by performing their work only.

OSPF elections

1. Router ID election

The router ID is used to specify a particular router in a area, which is in ip address format.. the parameter used for router ID election are

a. Manual ID - Statically assigned id.

b. Loopback Address - Dynamically assumed from configuration.

c. Highest Interface

Address - Dynamically assumed from configuration.

In these three parameter's first preference is given to Manual id(if any) else it will check for loopback address(if any) this is second preference else it'll go for last option of choosing highest interface address.

2. Master/slave or DR/BDR election.

OSPF tables

Routing table : Basic table, it holds routing information.

Neighbor table : Maintains information of its neighbor routers.

Database table : Maintains the entire protocol's database information.

Redistribution:

Redistribution is a process used to make communication between two different routing protocols and also two different Autonomous Systems in IGRP and EIGRP protocol.

Redistribution can be performed in intermediate router only. Intermediate router means "it is a router where two different protocols or two different AS is enabled".

Example for redistribution with different protocols and commands:

Assume RIP and EIGRP is enabled in this router.

router(config)#router rip

router(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 10 metric 5

(The range of metric is 0-16, it is RIP metric). Do you know why metric is specified? we are redistributing EIGRP in RIP, does RIP knows how EIGRP calculates metric? no. that's y metric is specified, whatever metric it receives with EIGRP update will be converted into the metric what is specified.

router(config-router)#exit

router(config)#router eigrp 10

router(config-router)#redistribute rip

(The range of metric is 1- 4294967295, it is EIGRP metric).Do you know why metric is specified? we are redistributing RIP in EIGRP, does EIGRP knows how RIP calculates metric? no. that's y metric is specified, whatever metric it receives with RIP update will be converted into the metric what is specified.

Example for redistribution with different AS and commands:

Assume IGRP 20 and 30 is enabled in this router.

router(config)#router igrp 20

router(config-router)#redistribute igrp 30

Here, it is not necessary to specify the metric, y because both are igrp(same protocol).

router(config-router)#exi

router(config)#router igrp 30

router(config-router)#redistribute igrp 20

Here, it is not necessary to specify the metric, y because both are igrp(same protocol).

What is Autonomous System number?

Autonomous System number is numeric value with the range from 1 to 65535 is used to express a network or a group of network comes under single administration with same routing policy.

IGRP and EIGRP uses AS number, OSPF also uses AS number in the form of Process ID.

In IGRP and EIGRP different AS number will not communicate(exchange update) by default, to make them communicate we need to go for redistribution process.

whereas in OSPF no such issues different AS will communicate by default.

commands:

router(config)#router igrp 10

router(config)#router eigrp 100

router(config)#router ospf 20

Protocol and standards.

Protocol	Standard	Developer
RIP	Open.	RFC (Request For Comment), 1988.
IGRP	Only for CISCO routers.	CISCO, Mid-1980’s.
EIGRP	Only for CISCO routers	CISCO.
OSPF	Open.	RFC 2328, 1998.
IS-IS	Only for defense department.	OSI.
BGP	Open.	CISCO, RFC, 1990’s.